HOW THE INTERNET LANGUAGE WORKS (TCP/IP) (TRANSMISSION COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL

1. Internet is a network with a block switch. This means that when the information is sent, all the data related to that information will be divided into small blocks. Each of them will be transmitted independently through a device called router. When all these blocks reach the final destination, they will be converted into the original form. Two protocols define how to divide the data into blocks, how to route them and finally, how to reconvert into the original form at the point of destination: The IP (Internet Protocol) that manage the data route, and the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) that control the data conversion into blocks and the subsequent re-conversion to the original form at the point of reception.

 

2. For many reasons including a limitation, the data sent on Internet must be divided in blocks    with a maximum dimension of 1,500 characters each. The TCP takes the data and divides it into blocks.

To each of them a characteristic that contains various information as the other is assigned on how to assemble the blocks. When the TCP makes a block, it summarizes and adds to the characteristic, a checksum that is a number that will be utilized at the receiving end to detect when there is an error in data transmission. This identification is based on the total quantity of data that is present in that block.

 

3. Each block is fixed into one "envelope" (IP envelope) where the address of the recipient, the sender's address and other useful information to make the delivery will be written.

 

4.When the blocks are on the Internet, the router will check the IP envelope and it will read the addresses. Then it will determine the best way to reach the recipient's address in the fastest way. the fastest way is not always the shortest way because the router analyzes all the network traffic and determines the most convenient way to send the block in the fastest time. This means that sometimes, the shortest physical route is not the best because at that time there may be traffic congestion that will reduce the speed and thereby increase the time.

 

5. When the block reaches the final destination, the TCP will analyze the check sum to determine if some errors have taken place during the route.

In that case, it will cancel the block and make a request for the retransmission of that very block. Efficiency rate is very high because, an error in one block does not necessarily mean that all the data will be sent back rather only the damaged block will be sent back.

 

6. When the block is received in the correct form, the TCP will assemble it in the original form to enable us receive and read the message/information.

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